Warren Higgs, 54, underwent a two-hour operation to remove the organs weighing 35kg (77lb) in total.
Mr Higgs, from Windsor, said his larger right kidney weighed around 15kg (33lb) with an additional 5kg (11b) of fluid on top.
The previous heaviest kidney in the world was believed to be a 7.4kg (16.3lb) kidney removed in India.
PKD causes small fluid-filled sacs called cysts to develop in the kidneys.