TBT Quadro 4K edition
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Budspencer
Elder Lister
Our times ukiona gari imeekwa matawi na maua ivi jua kuna sherehe mahali na hata traffic cops hawakuwa nashughuli na nyinyi...I think kitambo heshima ilikua kubwa sana
siku hizi ukiona gari na matawi jua kuna demo and most probably it has been hijacked by mob na ata watakua kwa roof.
siku hizi ukiona gari na matawi jua kuna demo and most probably it has been hijacked by mob na ata watakua kwa roof.
sio kencom.
sande sana for murats
LUNATIC EXPRESS.(Meaning)
More than a hundred years ago, before Europeans had set foot on what is now Kenya, a tribal prophet named Kimnyole spoke of a vicious “iron snake” that would slither its way across the grassy plains, devouring cattle, plundering their lands and wreaking havoc along the way. The beast, he said, would bring a kind of foreigner never seen before, one with strange red hair who would one day rule their land. Although Kimnyole could not have known the details, the prophecy he made was clear on one thing—hardship for his people.
The “iron snake” was the Kenya-Uganda Railway, or the “Lunatic Express,” as the British press liked to call because of the colossal waste of wealth and human life suffered during its construction. The tribes who lived in this region resisted the construction of the railway. Emboldened by their victories against neighboring tribes, the Nandi people went to war against the whites with predictable results. By the time the Nandi gave up arms thousands of them were dead.
While Kimnyole’s prophecies turned out to be true, the “iron snake” did dramatically change the land and the lives of the Nandi people in ways even Kimnyole couldn’t have predicted.
The railway began at a time when European powers were madly scrambling for a piece of Africa. It was the end of the 19th century, and many European colonists had established small trading posts along the coast, but only a few had ventured into the hostile interior. The British were present mainly in Egypt, South Africa and East Africa—a vast region on the east coast which would later break into as many as twenty nations. The French occupied West Africa, and from there they were slowly pushing into the African interior, with the eventual goal of creating an empire spanning east to west. The British sought to block the advances of the French colonists by building a railway connecting the port of Mombasa to the east coast of Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile, eventually controlling the Nile itself. The river, which cut through the continent from south to north, would effectively prevent any competing nation from establishing an east-west empire. Besides, controlling the Nile had a big commercial advantage
In December 1895, George Whitehouse, the British engineer tasked to build the Kenya-Uganda Railway, sailed into Mombasa harbor with only a sketch of the route the railway was supposed to take. The epic line would stretch for a thousand kilometers, and would be one of the biggest engineering project of the time undertaken by the British. Whitehouse discovered that not only the project would be extremely costly, the work would be physically grueling as well. Directly west of Mombasa lay a vast waterless region that most caravans avoided. Beyond, the railway would pass through 500 km of savanna and scrub that teemed with lions and swarmed with mosquitoes. Then came the volcanic highland region split by a 80-km-wide Great Rift Valley that plunged 2,000 foot from the plains. The final 150 km to the lake’s shore was a soggy marshland.
Construction of the railway began at Mombasa, in 1896, and the line progressed towards its terminus on the eastern shore of Lake Victoria. Over the next five years, huge amount of materials arrived at the harbor in Mombasa—200,000 pieces of rails, 1.2 million sleepers, 200,000 fish-plates, 400,000 fish-bolts and 4.8 million steel keys and steel girders. In addition, locomotives, tenders, brake vans, goods wagons, and passenger carriages had to be brought in. Warehouses were constructed, accommodation for the workers built, repair shops and workshops opened. The sleepy coastal town of Mombasa was rapidly transformed into a modern port.
Nearly all the workers involved on the construction of the line came from British India. The prospect of regular salary, free food and free travel lured some 37,000 laborers and skilled artisans to sign up for the job. Within the first year, half the workforce was immobilized by malaria, dysentery, and other tropical diseases. The heat crippled and dust storms gagged the workers. Conditions were so unforgiving that author M. F. Hill remarked in his official history of the railway, that “as if the very spirit of Africa resented the intrusion of the white man’s railway.”
One of the grisliest chapters in the construction of the railway occurred in 1898 during the building of a bridge across the Tsavo River. A pair of man-eating lions stalked the campsite, dragging away workers while they slept in their tents at night. The attack continued for ten months, during which more than a hundred victims, allegedly, were claimed. Hundreds of workers fled from Tsavo, and the construction came almost to a halt. The lions were killed eventually after days of careful stalking and baiting.
Some 2,500 workers died during the construction of the railway—four for each mile of track laid. About 6,700 decided to stay behind, creating the first community of Indians in Kenya. The rest returned home.
The initial cost for the construction of the railway was pegged at $5 million, but it cost the British $9 million to build, creating much resentment in the parliament and the media. Even before construction started, there were many who opposed the idea. One opponent, Henry Labouchère, a member of the parliament, gave a mocking reply to British Foreign Minister George Curzon's support for the project, in the form of a now famous poem:
What it will cost no words can express,
What is its object no brain can suppose,
Where it will start from no one can guess,
Where it is going to nobody knows,
What is the use of it none can conjecture,
What it will carry there’s none can define,
And in spite of George Curzon’s superior lecture,
It clearly is naught but a lunatic line.
lunatic express uganda railway
It was the first time the word “lunatic” was used to describe the railway—a word that would frequently be associated with the line. The term “Lunatic Express” came much later, coined by Charles Miller in his 1971 book The Lunatic Express: An Entertainment in Imperialism.
Yet, others called it “the most courageous railway in the world.” Winston Churchill described the construction of the Lunatic Line as “one of the finest expositions of the British art of muddling through.”
Over the next one hundred years, the railway played a vital role in the development of the region, opening up the East African interior, and connecting it to the coast. Before the railway, Nairobi was an uninhabited swamp. Here, Whitehouse decided to build a half-way house with a store depot and a shunting ground. Today, Nairobi is the largest city of Kenya with a population of over 3 million.
Charles Eliot, commissioner of British East Africa between 1900 and 1904, remarked: “It is not uncommon for a country to create a railway, but it is uncommon for a railway to create a country.”
The railway continued to operate for 116 years, until 2017, when the last meter-gauge train made its run between Mombasa and Nairobi. The route is now taken over by a faster rail service whose lines run parallel to the original Uganda Railway.The word Lunatic is coined from two words Luna and tic..luna is a latin word for moon so the word Lunatic is temporary insanity.True to the word it was a temporary insanity which cost many lives,labour and economic resources just to safeguard the English interests from the German and the French for control that was unnecessary and never was viable Umeelewa sasa...The second Lunacy has been seen as chinese are at it giving us loans,left,right,center...And historia inajirudia
More than a hundred years ago, before Europeans had set foot on what is now Kenya, a tribal prophet named Kimnyole spoke of a vicious “iron snake” that would slither its way across the grassy plains, devouring cattle, plundering their lands and wreaking havoc along the way. The beast, he said, would bring a kind of foreigner never seen before, one with strange red hair who would one day rule their land. Although Kimnyole could not have known the details, the prophecy he made was clear on one thing—hardship for his people.
The “iron snake” was the Kenya-Uganda Railway, or the “Lunatic Express,” as the British press liked to call because of the colossal waste of wealth and human life suffered during its construction. The tribes who lived in this region resisted the construction of the railway. Emboldened by their victories against neighboring tribes, the Nandi people went to war against the whites with predictable results. By the time the Nandi gave up arms thousands of them were dead.
While Kimnyole’s prophecies turned out to be true, the “iron snake” did dramatically change the land and the lives of the Nandi people in ways even Kimnyole couldn’t have predicted.
The railway began at a time when European powers were madly scrambling for a piece of Africa. It was the end of the 19th century, and many European colonists had established small trading posts along the coast, but only a few had ventured into the hostile interior. The British were present mainly in Egypt, South Africa and East Africa—a vast region on the east coast which would later break into as many as twenty nations. The French occupied West Africa, and from there they were slowly pushing into the African interior, with the eventual goal of creating an empire spanning east to west. The British sought to block the advances of the French colonists by building a railway connecting the port of Mombasa to the east coast of Lake Victoria, the source of the Nile, eventually controlling the Nile itself. The river, which cut through the continent from south to north, would effectively prevent any competing nation from establishing an east-west empire. Besides, controlling the Nile had a big commercial advantage
In December 1895, George Whitehouse, the British engineer tasked to build the Kenya-Uganda Railway, sailed into Mombasa harbor with only a sketch of the route the railway was supposed to take. The epic line would stretch for a thousand kilometers, and would be one of the biggest engineering project of the time undertaken by the British. Whitehouse discovered that not only the project would be extremely costly, the work would be physically grueling as well. Directly west of Mombasa lay a vast waterless region that most caravans avoided. Beyond, the railway would pass through 500 km of savanna and scrub that teemed with lions and swarmed with mosquitoes. Then came the volcanic highland region split by a 80-km-wide Great Rift Valley that plunged 2,000 foot from the plains. The final 150 km to the lake’s shore was a soggy marshland.
Construction of the railway began at Mombasa, in 1896, and the line progressed towards its terminus on the eastern shore of Lake Victoria. Over the next five years, huge amount of materials arrived at the harbor in Mombasa—200,000 pieces of rails, 1.2 million sleepers, 200,000 fish-plates, 400,000 fish-bolts and 4.8 million steel keys and steel girders. In addition, locomotives, tenders, brake vans, goods wagons, and passenger carriages had to be brought in. Warehouses were constructed, accommodation for the workers built, repair shops and workshops opened. The sleepy coastal town of Mombasa was rapidly transformed into a modern port.
Nearly all the workers involved on the construction of the line came from British India. The prospect of regular salary, free food and free travel lured some 37,000 laborers and skilled artisans to sign up for the job. Within the first year, half the workforce was immobilized by malaria, dysentery, and other tropical diseases. The heat crippled and dust storms gagged the workers. Conditions were so unforgiving that author M. F. Hill remarked in his official history of the railway, that “as if the very spirit of Africa resented the intrusion of the white man’s railway.”
One of the grisliest chapters in the construction of the railway occurred in 1898 during the building of a bridge across the Tsavo River. A pair of man-eating lions stalked the campsite, dragging away workers while they slept in their tents at night. The attack continued for ten months, during which more than a hundred victims, allegedly, were claimed. Hundreds of workers fled from Tsavo, and the construction came almost to a halt. The lions were killed eventually after days of careful stalking and baiting.
Some 2,500 workers died during the construction of the railway—four for each mile of track laid. About 6,700 decided to stay behind, creating the first community of Indians in Kenya. The rest returned home.
The initial cost for the construction of the railway was pegged at $5 million, but it cost the British $9 million to build, creating much resentment in the parliament and the media. Even before construction started, there were many who opposed the idea. One opponent, Henry Labouchère, a member of the parliament, gave a mocking reply to British Foreign Minister George Curzon's support for the project, in the form of a now famous poem:
What it will cost no words can express,
What is its object no brain can suppose,
Where it will start from no one can guess,
Where it is going to nobody knows,
What is the use of it none can conjecture,
What it will carry there’s none can define,
And in spite of George Curzon’s superior lecture,
It clearly is naught but a lunatic line.
lunatic express uganda railway
It was the first time the word “lunatic” was used to describe the railway—a word that would frequently be associated with the line. The term “Lunatic Express” came much later, coined by Charles Miller in his 1971 book The Lunatic Express: An Entertainment in Imperialism.
Yet, others called it “the most courageous railway in the world.” Winston Churchill described the construction of the Lunatic Line as “one of the finest expositions of the British art of muddling through.”
Over the next one hundred years, the railway played a vital role in the development of the region, opening up the East African interior, and connecting it to the coast. Before the railway, Nairobi was an uninhabited swamp. Here, Whitehouse decided to build a half-way house with a store depot and a shunting ground. Today, Nairobi is the largest city of Kenya with a population of over 3 million.
Charles Eliot, commissioner of British East Africa between 1900 and 1904, remarked: “It is not uncommon for a country to create a railway, but it is uncommon for a railway to create a country.”
The railway continued to operate for 116 years, until 2017, when the last meter-gauge train made its run between Mombasa and Nairobi. The route is now taken over by a faster rail service whose lines run parallel to the original Uganda Railway.The word Lunatic is coined from two words Luna and tic..luna is a latin word for moon so the word Lunatic is temporary insanity.True to the word it was a temporary insanity which cost many lives,labour and economic resources just to safeguard the English interests from the German and the French for control that was unnecessary and never was viable Umeelewa sasa...The second Lunacy has been seen as chinese are at it giving us loans,left,right,center...And historia inajirudia
Ramiran
Elder Lister
Standard house in the background and jobless conner in front of hilton.
Ramiran
Elder Lister
I went to city primo, but that pic is jamuu, looks like city primo was not even there then.
It's Me Scumbag
Elder Lister
You might do well if you edited your post to indicate that John Gatu is now deceased. Died in '97.
Mwalimu-G
Elder Lister
June 12, 2020
Difference Between Armadillo And Pangolin
Armadillos are easily mistaken for pangolins, because both of them have a protective shell on the surface of their body. They are often grouped together with anteaters because of their behavior and similarities in their diet. But there are significant differences between the two mammals in terms of physical characteristics, habitat, taxonomy, behavior and reproduction.
What is Armadillo?
Armadillos are one of a kind mammal in the order Cingulata which is part of the superorder Xenarthra. There are almost 20 living species of armadillo that belong to the order, of which the nine-branded armadillo is the only kind that lives in North America. The nine-branded armadillo is very distinctive and received its name from the bands that circle its body. Its name in Spanish means “little armored one,” which refers to the bony plates that cover most of their body. Armadillos are found in South America, Central America, and the southern United States.
What is Pangolin?
Pangolins are scaly anteaters of the placental mammal order Pholidota, and represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals. Pangolins are often mistaken as reptiles, but they are scaly-skinned animals that posses a covering of epidermal scales growing from a thick underlying skin, which distinguish pangolins from all other mammals. Pangolins lack teeth and instead they use powerful muscles and small pebbles in their stomach to grind up their food. Pangolins are found in much of Southeast Asia and subtropical Africa.
Difference Between Armadillo and Pangolin
Family of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos are strange looking mammals in the order Cingulata which is part of the superorder Xenarthra – an ancient order that was much more diverse and included ground sloths and armored mammals. There are almost 20 living species of armadillo that belong to the order. Armadillos belong to the family Dasypodidae. Pangolins, on the other hand, are often known as the scaly anteaters and comprise the placental mammal order Pholidota of the Manidae family. Pangolins represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals.
Morphology
– Armadillos are one its kind with a protective shell on their body and long sharp claws for digging. The outer shell is called a carapace which is brown and tough like armor. The integument is one of the most characteristic features of the anatomy of the armadillos. Its name in Spanish means “little armored one,” which refers to the bony plates that cover most of their body. Pangolins are characterized by their name “scaly anteater” and their most distinctive feature is an external armor of overlapping epidermal scales. They are the only mammals to possess such armor that grows from their thick underlying skin.
Physical Features of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos are generally larger than pangolins and have long tails and short limbs. They have tiny, pointed eyes and long, tube-shaped snouts. Armadillos generally weight between nine and 16 pounds and the average armadillo is about 75 cm long, including tail. The giant armadillo grows up to 150 cm. They vary in size and color – the giant armadillo is dark brown while the pink fairy armadillo is a lovely salmon color. Pangolins weight about 3.5 lbs to 73 lbs and they can grow up to four feet long. The giant ground pangolin is the largest of their living species. Pangolins lack teeth and instead use powerful muscles and small pebbles in their stomach to grind up their food.
Habitat and Diet of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos live mostly in warm places, including rain forests, grasslands, semi-deserts, and other forested areas. Some live in areas with moist soil, close to rivers or streams. They live in South America, Central America, and the southern United States. The nine-branded armadillos are probably the only armadillos to live outside of Latin America. In fact, the nine-branded armadillo it is the sole North American representative of the order Xenarthra. They eat ants, beetles, termites, and other insects.
Pangolins inhabit sandy habitats such as dry woodlands, tropical forests and the savannah. They live close to water sources. Pangolins are dispersed throughout Southern, Central and East Africa. There are four species that spread across Asia: the Indian Pangolin, the Chinese Pangolin, the Sunda Pangolin, and the Palawan Pangolin. Four African Pangolins include the ground pangolin, the giant pangolin, the white-bellied, and the black-bellied pangolin. Pangolins rely mainly on the diet of ants and termites.
Reproduction
– Armadillos mate in late summer between June and September. The female armadillo undergoes delayed implantation, meaning the fertilized egg (zygote) floats free in the uterus prior to implanting. This delay is typically for three to four months, although a two-year delay in exceptional cases has been documented. The fertilized egg breaks into four identical zygotes, giving birth to quadruplets. Pangolins, on the other hand, are solitary and it is assumed that males and females only come together to mate. The mating happens once each year, usually during the summer or autumn. During copulation, the tails of the males and females are entwined. Gestation period is estimated to be 140 days and females give birth to just one live baby.
Armadillo vs. Pangolin: Comparison Chart
Summary of Armadillo and Pangolin
Armadillos are some of the world’s most bizarre animals along with anteaters and sloths, and together they make up the superorder Xenarthra. These are shy, nocturnal animals that live in warm places with a lot of rainfall. They prefer living in wooded areas with loose, sandy soil, often close to ponds or streams. There are many species of Armadillos, of which the nine-branded armadillo is the only kind that lives in North America. Pangolins, on the other hand, are scaly anteaters that represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals and their most noteworthy feature is an external armor of overlapping epidermal scales. In fact, they are the only mammals to possess such armor. Pangolins are found in much of Southeast Asia and subtropical Africa, and they predominantly feed on ants and termites, just like armadillos
Difference Between Armadillo And Pangolin
Armadillos are easily mistaken for pangolins, because both of them have a protective shell on the surface of their body. They are often grouped together with anteaters because of their behavior and similarities in their diet. But there are significant differences between the two mammals in terms of physical characteristics, habitat, taxonomy, behavior and reproduction.
What is Armadillo?
Armadillos are one of a kind mammal in the order Cingulata which is part of the superorder Xenarthra. There are almost 20 living species of armadillo that belong to the order, of which the nine-branded armadillo is the only kind that lives in North America. The nine-branded armadillo is very distinctive and received its name from the bands that circle its body. Its name in Spanish means “little armored one,” which refers to the bony plates that cover most of their body. Armadillos are found in South America, Central America, and the southern United States.
What is Pangolin?
Pangolins are scaly anteaters of the placental mammal order Pholidota, and represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals. Pangolins are often mistaken as reptiles, but they are scaly-skinned animals that posses a covering of epidermal scales growing from a thick underlying skin, which distinguish pangolins from all other mammals. Pangolins lack teeth and instead they use powerful muscles and small pebbles in their stomach to grind up their food. Pangolins are found in much of Southeast Asia and subtropical Africa.
Difference Between Armadillo and Pangolin
Family of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos are strange looking mammals in the order Cingulata which is part of the superorder Xenarthra – an ancient order that was much more diverse and included ground sloths and armored mammals. There are almost 20 living species of armadillo that belong to the order. Armadillos belong to the family Dasypodidae. Pangolins, on the other hand, are often known as the scaly anteaters and comprise the placental mammal order Pholidota of the Manidae family. Pangolins represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals.
Morphology
– Armadillos are one its kind with a protective shell on their body and long sharp claws for digging. The outer shell is called a carapace which is brown and tough like armor. The integument is one of the most characteristic features of the anatomy of the armadillos. Its name in Spanish means “little armored one,” which refers to the bony plates that cover most of their body. Pangolins are characterized by their name “scaly anteater” and their most distinctive feature is an external armor of overlapping epidermal scales. They are the only mammals to possess such armor that grows from their thick underlying skin.
Physical Features of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos are generally larger than pangolins and have long tails and short limbs. They have tiny, pointed eyes and long, tube-shaped snouts. Armadillos generally weight between nine and 16 pounds and the average armadillo is about 75 cm long, including tail. The giant armadillo grows up to 150 cm. They vary in size and color – the giant armadillo is dark brown while the pink fairy armadillo is a lovely salmon color. Pangolins weight about 3.5 lbs to 73 lbs and they can grow up to four feet long. The giant ground pangolin is the largest of their living species. Pangolins lack teeth and instead use powerful muscles and small pebbles in their stomach to grind up their food.
Habitat and Diet of Armadillo and Pangolin
– Armadillos live mostly in warm places, including rain forests, grasslands, semi-deserts, and other forested areas. Some live in areas with moist soil, close to rivers or streams. They live in South America, Central America, and the southern United States. The nine-branded armadillos are probably the only armadillos to live outside of Latin America. In fact, the nine-branded armadillo it is the sole North American representative of the order Xenarthra. They eat ants, beetles, termites, and other insects.
Pangolins inhabit sandy habitats such as dry woodlands, tropical forests and the savannah. They live close to water sources. Pangolins are dispersed throughout Southern, Central and East Africa. There are four species that spread across Asia: the Indian Pangolin, the Chinese Pangolin, the Sunda Pangolin, and the Palawan Pangolin. Four African Pangolins include the ground pangolin, the giant pangolin, the white-bellied, and the black-bellied pangolin. Pangolins rely mainly on the diet of ants and termites.
Reproduction
– Armadillos mate in late summer between June and September. The female armadillo undergoes delayed implantation, meaning the fertilized egg (zygote) floats free in the uterus prior to implanting. This delay is typically for three to four months, although a two-year delay in exceptional cases has been documented. The fertilized egg breaks into four identical zygotes, giving birth to quadruplets. Pangolins, on the other hand, are solitary and it is assumed that males and females only come together to mate. The mating happens once each year, usually during the summer or autumn. During copulation, the tails of the males and females are entwined. Gestation period is estimated to be 140 days and females give birth to just one live baby.
Armadillo vs. Pangolin: Comparison Chart
Summary of Armadillo and Pangolin
Armadillos are some of the world’s most bizarre animals along with anteaters and sloths, and together they make up the superorder Xenarthra. These are shy, nocturnal animals that live in warm places with a lot of rainfall. They prefer living in wooded areas with loose, sandy soil, often close to ponds or streams. There are many species of Armadillos, of which the nine-branded armadillo is the only kind that lives in North America. Pangolins, on the other hand, are scaly anteaters that represent one of the most unusual orders of mammals and their most noteworthy feature is an external armor of overlapping epidermal scales. In fact, they are the only mammals to possess such armor. Pangolins are found in much of Southeast Asia and subtropical Africa, and they predominantly feed on ants and termites, just like armadillos
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Liberty
Elder Lister
Hata jumapili ya matawi?
Kamnjoro
Lister
I thought it was Mugo wa Kibiru who prophesied this.
every tribe have their version.
Kamnjoro
Lister
That may imply all these "prophets" are fakes like Owuor.
Liberty
Elder Lister
Is this correct?
very true.